Landmark Case Briefs
Constitutional Law
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) – Basic Structure Doctrine.
- A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950) – Personal liberty under Article 21.
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) – Expanded the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty).
- Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980) – Basic structure and judicial review.
- Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) – Election disputes and basic structure.
- S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) – Federalism and President’s Rule.
- I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) – Ninth Schedule and judicial review.
- Vineet Narain v. Union of India (1998) – CBI independence and corruption cases.
- R.C. Cooper v. Union of India (1970) – Banking nationalization and property rights.
- Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951) – First case on constitutional amendments.
Criminal Law:
- Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) – Death penalty and rarest of rare doctrine.
- D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) – Guidelines on arrests and custodial torture.
- Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996) – Right to die and euthanasia.
- Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985) – Maintenance rights for Muslim women.
- Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secretary (Coalgate Scam) (2014) – Criminal law and corruption.
- M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987) – Environmental protection and liability in the Oleum gas leak case.
- Tuka Ram v. State of Maharashtra (Mathura Rape Case) (1979) – Led to reforms in rape laws.
- Lily Thomas v. Union of India (2013) – Disqualification of convicted MPs and MLAs.
- State of Maharashtra v. Praful Desai (2003) – Video conferencing as evidence.
- Arunachala Gounder v. Ponnusamy (2022) – Equal rights of daughters in property.
Human Rights & Personal Liberty:
- Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) – Decriminalized Section 377 (LGBTQ+ rights).
- K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) – Right to Privacy as a fundamental right.
- Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan (1997) – Guidelines on sexual harassment at the workplace.
- National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014) – Recognized transgender rights.
- Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018) – Struck down adultery law as unconstitutional.
- Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) – Struck down Section 66A of the IT Act (Free speech on the internet).
- People’s Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India (1982) – Expanded scope of public interest litigation.
- Common Cause v. Union of India (2018) – Legalized passive euthanasia and living wills.
- State of Tamil Nadu v. Suhas Katti (2004) – First conviction under cyberstalking.
- Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985) – Right to livelihood as part of the right to life.
Property Law:
- S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (1981) – Judges transfer and independence of the judiciary.
- Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) – Reservations and the Mandal Commission.
- M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006) – Reservations in promotions for SC/STs.
- Golak Nath v. State of Punjab (1967) – Parliament’s power to amend fundamental rights.
- D.D. Basu v. Union of India (2013) – Property law and compensation.
Environmental Law:
- M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case) (1988) – Environmental protection.
- Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996) – Sustainable development and environmental laws.
- Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar (1991) – Right to clean environment as part of right to life.
- T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (Forest Conservation Case) (1996) – Protection of forests and wildlife.
- Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (Bichhri Village Case) (1996) – Environmental damage compensation.
Family Law:
- Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001) – Muslim women’s maintenance post-divorce (Shah Bano case’s extension).
- Sarala Mudgal v. Union of India (1995) – Uniform Civil Code and bigamy.
- Ms. Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India (1999) – Guardianship rights of mothers.
- Lata Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2006) – Right to marry outside caste or religion.
- Vandana Shiva v. State of Haryana (2019) – Rights of married daughters in coparcenary property.
Election Law:
- Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002) – Disclosure of criminal records and assets of candidates.
- Ashok Chavan v. Madhavrao Kinhalkar (2014) – False election expenditure claims.
- Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India (2006) – Dissolution of assemblies and misuse of power.
Corporate Law:
- Tata Cellular v. Union of India (1994) – Judicial review of administrative decisions in tenders and contracts.
- Spectrum Allocation Case (2012) – Cancellation of 2G licenses due to illegal spectrum allocation.
Documents & Drafts
Hindi FIR Draft Sample
SOP